图1 ICC的治疗策略¹
图2. ICC、pCC和dCC的解剖位置¹
单纯评估可切除ICC辅助治疗的研究较为少见,研究通常会同时纳入胆囊癌和其他胆道肿瘤患者。PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18研究是一项多中心、开放标签、随机、III期临床试验,研究共纳入196例接受了R0或R1切除术的胆道恶性肿瘤患者,患者被随机分配接受吉西他滨+奥沙利铂(GEMOX)化疗或仅行观察。在中位随访46.5个月时,研究表明化疗患者的无复发生存期(RFS)未显示统计学上的获益(HR=0.88;95%CI,0.62-1.25;p=0.48),OS同样未显示获益(HR=1.08;95%CI,0.70-1.66;p=0.74)?。
对于可切除的ICC患者,新辅助治疗存在多种理论上的获益,包括抑制微转移灶以降低疾病的早期复发风险、缩瘤降期以实现R0切除等,然而目前ICC患者的新辅助治疗获益情况尚未得到前瞻性大型III期随机对照研究的证实。
另有三项临床研究正在进行中,其中一项单中心II期试验NCT03603834旨在评估mFOLFOXIRI(5-FU+LV+伊立替康+奥沙利铂)在交界可切除胆管癌(ICC/pCC/dCC)新辅助治疗的疗效;多中心、随机对照、开放标签、III期GAIN试验旨在评估吉西他滨+顺铂围手术期化疗在可切除和交界可切除胆管癌(ICC/pCC/dCC)患中的疗效和安全性;OPT-IC研究则评估了吉西他滨+顺铂+白蛋白紫杉醇在ICC患者新辅助治疗中的应用,值得注意的是,该研究同时探索了FGFR2抑制剂在FGFR2融合性ICC患者新辅助治疗的应用。
IDH1突变约见于25%的ICC患者²²,既往一项纳入73例IDH1突变型胆管癌患者的I期研究显示,IDH1抑制剂艾伏尼布应用后患者中位PFS为3.8个月,中位OS为13.8个月²²。基于这一疗效,III期随机对照ClarIDHy试验评估了艾伏尼布对比安慰剂在IDH突变型胆管癌患者中的应用,结果显示,艾伏尼布组患者的中位PFS存在显著改善(2.7个月 vs. 1.4个月;HR=0.37;95%CI,0.24-0.54;p<0.0001),中位OS存在数值上的改善,但无统计学意义(10.3个月 vs. 7.5个月;HR=0.79;95%CI,0.56-1.12;p=0.09)。特别地,该研究存在57%的患者交叉现象,在基于交叉进行调整后,安慰剂组的中位OS为5.1个月(HR=0.49;95%CI,0.34-0.70;p<0.001)²³,²?。
ICC是一种罕见但侵袭性较强且预后较差的恶性肿瘤,其发病率正在增加。手术切除和细胞毒性治疗分别是早期ICC和晚期或转移性ICC的重要治疗手段,以此为基础的多学科治疗正显著改善ICC患者的预后情况。本文对ICC患者的药物治疗策略进行了回顾:对于局限性和可切除ICC患者,根治性手术联合术后卡培他滨辅助治疗应成为标准治疗;对于不可切除或转移性ICC患者,局部治疗、三联全身治疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗正得到越来越多的认可,已为经过筛选的患者群体带来了令人欣喜的疗效。多项与上述疗法相关的临床研究正在进行中,期待未来这些研究结果的公布可以为ICC患者带来更多治疗获益。
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